Cov khoom siv kho tshuab yooj yim ntawm cov khoom siv hlau

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv hlau feem ntau muab faib ua ob pawg: kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab kev siv tau zoo. Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem yog hais txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hlau raws li cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm txias thiab kub thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Qhov zoo ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hlau txiav txim siab nws qhov kev hloov pauv mus rau kev ua thiab tsim thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom. Vim muaj ntau yam xwm txheej ua tiav, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem xav tau kuj txawv, xws li kev ua tau zoo ntawm casting, weldability, forgeability, kev kho cua sov, kev ua tiav ntawm kev txiav, thiab lwm yam. Qhov kev ua tau zoo yog hais txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hlau raws li cov xwm txheej ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv kho tshuab, uas suav nrog cov yam ntxwv kho tshuab, cov yam ntxwv lub cev, cov yam ntxwv tshuaj lom neeg, thiab lwm yam. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hlau txiav txim siab nws qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm kev siv thiab lub neej ua haujlwm.

Hauv kev lag luam tsim khoom siv tshuab, cov khoom siv kho tshuab dav dav siv rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias ib txwm muaj, qhov siab ib txwm muaj thiab cov xov xwm tsis muaj zog corrosive, thiab thaum siv, txhua qhov khoom siv kho tshuab yuav dais cov khoom sib txawv. Lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv hlau los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj hauv qab qhov hnyav hu ua cov khoom siv kho tshuab (lossis cov khoom siv kho tshuab). Cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov khoom siv hlau yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev tsim thiab xaiv cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom. Nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom siv (xws li kev nruj, kev sib zog, torsion, kev cuam tshuam, kev thauj khoom cyclic, thiab lwm yam), cov khoom siv kho tshuab uas xav tau rau cov khoom siv hlau kuj yuav txawv. Cov khoom siv kho tshuab feem ntau siv suav nrog: lub zog, plasticity, hardness, toughness, ntau yam kev cuam tshuam tsis kam thiab kev qaug zog txwv. Txhua yam khoom siv kho tshuab tau tham sib cais hauv qab no.

1. Lub zog

Lub zog yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv hlau los tiv taus kev puas tsuaj (ntau dhau ntawm cov yas deformation lossis tawg) nyob rau hauv lub nra hnyav. Txij li thaum lub nra hnyav ua haujlwm hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev nruj, kev sib zog, kev khoov, kev txiav, thiab lwm yam, lub zog kuj tseem muab faib ua lub zog tensile, lub zog compressive, lub zog flexural, lub zog shear, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau muaj qee qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm ntau lub zog. Hauv kev siv, lub zog tensile feem ntau yog siv ua qhov ntsuas lub zog yooj yim tshaj plaws.

2. Kev ua yas

Plasticity yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv hlau los tsim cov yas deformation (kev hloov pauv mus tas li) yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj thaum lub sijhawm thauj khoom.

3. Kev Nyuaj Siab

Qhov nyuaj yog qhov ntsuas seb cov khoom siv hlau tawv lossis mos npaum li cas. Tam sim no, txoj kev ntsuas qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim khoom yog txoj kev nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw, uas siv lub indentation ntawm ib qho duab geometric los nias rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv hlau uas raug sim hauv qab ib qho kev thauj khoom, thiab tus nqi nyuaj yog ntsuas raws li qib ntawm qhov chaw.
Cov txheej txheem siv feem ntau suav nrog Brinell hardness (HB), Rockwell hardness (HRA, HRB, HRC) thiab Vickers hardness (HV).

4. Qaug zog

Lub zog, kev hloov pauv, thiab qhov nyuaj uas tau tham ua ntej yog cov cim qhia txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov hlau thaum lub sijhawm thauj khoom zoo li qub. Qhov tseeb, ntau yam khoom siv tshuab raug ua haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm thauj khoom ib puag ncig, thiab kev qaug zog yuav tshwm sim hauv cov khoom hauv qab cov xwm txheej zoo li no.

5. Kev cuam tshuam tawv

Lub nra hnyav uas ua rau lub tshuab ua haujlwm ntawm qhov ceev heev hu ua lub nra hnyav cuam tshuam, thiab lub peev xwm ntawm cov hlau los tiv taus kev puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv lub nra hnyav cuam tshuam hu ua lub zog cuam tshuam.